Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Vocab
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"In any weather, at any hour of the day or night, I have been anxious to improve the nick of time, and notch it on my stick too; to stand on the meeting of two eternities, the past and the future, which is precisely the present moment; to toe that line." --Henry David Thoreau Walden
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cell wall
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the definite boundary that is a part of the outer structure of certain cells, as a plant cell.
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plasma membrane
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the boundary structure (phospholipid bilayer) of cells and organelles.
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cytoplasm
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the material between the nucleus and the outer membrane of a cell containing the other cellular structures.
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cytoskeleton
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the cytoplasmic structure which provides physical support for the cell.
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nucleus
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the spherical mass of protoplasm encased in a double membrane and found in eukaryotic cells, directing their growth, metabolism, and reproduction, and containing the genetic material.
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chromosome / chromatin
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the substance containing the genetic material (DNA, RNA) and proteins. Chromatin condenses into chromosomes during cell division.
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nucleolus
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a structure found within the nucleus that functions in the manufacturing of ribosomes.
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endoplasmic reticulum
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a network of tubular structures within the cytoplasm, occuring with either a smooth surface (smooth ER) or studded with ribosomes (rough ER), involved in the transport of materials.
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Golgi apparatus
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an organelle composed of layers of flattened sacs that process proteins and move them out of the cell.
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vesicles
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a cellular sac used in cellular transport.
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mitochondria
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the powerhouse of the cell; where enzymes essential for energy metabolism are produced |
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chloroplast
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a organelle containing chlorophyll that is essential to photosynthesis. |
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vacuoles
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a membrane-bound cavity within a cell.
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ribosomes
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a tiny organelle occuring in great numbers in the cytoplasm where proteins are manufactured. |
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B R I G H A M
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Y O U N G U N I V E R S I T Y
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